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An Investigation of Rental Price Fluctuations and Economic Downturns in Abuja’s Real Estate Market

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Background of the Study

The real estate market in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital, is heavily influenced by the broader economic conditions of the country. Rental prices in the city, particularly for residential properties, are subject to fluctuations that are often linked to changes in the national and local economy. Economic downturns, such as inflation, recession, and currency depreciation, typically result in decreased purchasing power, reduced investments, and ultimately, a shift in demand for both commercial and residential properties (Ogunleye & Uche, 2024). During periods of economic contraction, households and businesses may reduce their spending on rent, causing a decline in rental prices. Conversely, economic growth can lead to an increase in demand for housing, driving rental prices upward.

Abuja, as a political, commercial, and administrative hub, faces unique challenges and opportunities during economic downturns. The city experiences both national-level economic shifts and localized issues, such as fluctuating government budgets and the influx of expatriates, which add complexity to the rental market dynamics (Zubairu & Yusuf, 2024). Given the dependence of the real estate market on both domestic and international economic conditions, it is crucial to investigate how rental price fluctuations interact with broader economic cycles. This study aims to explore how economic downturns influence rental price fluctuations in Abuja's real estate market and to identify patterns and causes of such changes.

Statement of the Problem

Rental prices in Abuja, like many other urban centers, are subject to significant fluctuations due to the country’s economic cycles. These fluctuations often pose challenges for tenants, property owners, and investors alike. While some studies have explored the impact of economic downturns on the property market in general, few have focused specifically on the rental market in Abuja. This research will explore how economic downturns affect rental price fluctuations and assess the consequences for the real estate market, tenants, and investors in Abuja.

Objectives of the Study

  1. To examine the relationship between economic downturns and rental price fluctuations in Abuja.
  2. To identify the key factors contributing to rental price changes during periods of economic downturn.
  3. To assess the impact of rental price fluctuations on tenants, property owners, and real estate investors in Abuja.

Research Questions

  1. How do economic downturns influence rental price fluctuations in Abuja’s real estate market?
  2. What factors contribute to the changes in rental prices during economic downturns in Abuja?
  3. How do rental price fluctuations affect tenants, property owners, and investors in Abuja?

Research Hypotheses

  1. Economic downturns lead to a significant decrease in rental prices in Abuja’s real estate market.
  2. Factors such as inflation, reduced government spending, and currency depreciation contribute significantly to rental price fluctuations during economic downturns.
  3. Rental price fluctuations negatively affect tenants' affordability and increase investment risks for property owners in Abuja.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study will focus on residential rental properties in Abuja, particularly in central and high-demand districts. It will analyze rental price trends during periods of economic downturn and explore the impact of these fluctuations on tenants, landlords, and investors. Limitations may include difficulty accessing detailed data on private rental transactions and potential biases in tenant and landlord responses.

Definitions of Terms

  • Rental Price Fluctuations: Changes in the amount charged for renting a property over time, which may be influenced by various factors, including economic conditions.
  • Economic Downturn: A period of economic decline, characterized by reduced economic activity, rising unemployment, inflation, and decreased demand for goods and services.
  • Real Estate Market: The buying, selling, and renting of property within a particular geographic area.




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